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French Art: 19th century: Orientalism

Description de l’Egypte

The most important publication in the early development of Orientalism was the French government’s Description de l’Egypte (Paris, 1809–22), illustrating the monuments, people, flora, fauna and geography of Egypt in 24 volumes.  

This project, initiated by Napoleon during his Egyptian campaign, provided information not only for the settings and costumes of paintings but also for Egyptian Revival architecture, tombs and decoration. The Egyptian motifs that ornament Empire furniture, for example, stem from Napoleon’s invasion; subsequent military events in the Near East, such as the Greek War of Independence, the conquest of Algeria, the Crimean War and the suppression of the Mahdi in the Sudan, also inspired Orientalist works.

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