Introduction
APA style is widely used in the social sciences. Citations are created using both a detailed reference list appearing at the end of a paper and brief in-text citations that direct readers to particular sources from that reference list.
APA Resources
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition, is the official source for APA Style.
Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 ( Terrell and Science Libraries)ISBN: 9781433832154Publication Date: 2019
Concise Guide to APA Style by Call Number: Terrell Ref Desk BF76.7 .C66 2020ISBN: 9781433832734Publication Date: 2019Designed specifically for undergraduate writing, this easy-to-use pocket guide is adapted from the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
In-Text
- APA in-text citations include the following elements in parentheses, separated by commas:
- Author's last name
- Publication year
- Page number of the quoted or paraphrased material
- The author's last name and publication year should match the last name and publication year given in the reference list.
- If an author's name is referred to in-text, it does not need to be repeated in parantheses.
Journal Article
Gold (2012) notes that Edmonia Lewis created her Cleopatra sculpture for Centennial celebrations (p. 318).
Edmonia Lewis carved the Cleopatra sculpture for the Centennial (Gold, 2012, p. 318).
Book
Morris (2014) argues that the great abolitionist schism of 1840 was less extreme in the west (p. 6).
Even as eastern abolitionist groups split in 1840, western abolitionists tended to remain affiliated with multiple organizations (Morris, 2014, p. 6).
Reference List
An APA reference list includes the author name, publication date, title, and publication information. All elements should be separated with a period.
- Journal Article
- Author name
- List last name first
- Use initials for first name
- Publication date
- List year of publication in parentheses
- Article Title
- Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle, as well as proper nouns
- Put in quotation marks
- Journal Title
- Use title-case
- Italicize
- Publication Information
- List volume number in italics after publication title.
- List issue number and page number, separated by commas.
- DOI
- Author name
- Book
- Author name
- List last name first
- Use initials for first name
- Publication date
- List year of publication in parentheses
- Title
- Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle, as well as proper nouns
- Italicize
- Publication Information​
- Publisher location and publisher name, separated by a colon
- Author name
Journal Article
Gold, S. W. (2012). The death of Cleopatra/The birth of freedom: Edmonia Lewis at the new world's fair. Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 35(2), 318. doi: 10.1353/bio.2012.0014